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Açúcar: Mudança tributária abre espaço diplomático

  • Spanish Market: Agriculture, Biofuels
  • 13/03/25

A isenção das importações de açúcar no Brasil é avaliada como uma tentativa de demonstrar aos Estados Unidos disposição em realizar acordos comerciais com o país, após o governo norte-americano sinalizar a possibilidade de aumentar as tarifas sobre alguns produtos brasileiros.

Ao retirar as tarifas sobre o açúcar, o Brasil abre espaço para negociar a possibilidade de manutenção das tarifas de etanol, de acordo com Renato Cunha, presidente da Associação dos Produtores de Açúcar, Etanol e Bioenergia das regiões Norte e Nordeste (NovaBio).

Etanol e açúcar são mercados correlatos no Brasil e as negociações dos dois costumam estar interligadas. Ambos são derivados da cana-de-açúcar e a produção de um produto ocorre em detrimento do outro.

O governo brasileiro anunciou em 6 de março a eliminação dos impostos para importações de itens considerados essenciais, como o açúcar, milho, azeite, café e óleo de soja, com o intuito de reduzir os preços dos alimentos, em meio à aceleração da inflação.

No caso do açúcar, o efeito sobre a inflação tende a ser limitado. O Brasil – maior produtor e exportador mundial de açúcar – é autossuficiente na produção do adoçante e as importações representam volumes mínimos no mercado.

O Brasil exportou cerca de 33,5 milhões de t em 2024, alta de 23,8pc em comparação com 2023, a partir de uma produção de 42,4 milhões de t na safra 2023-24, de acordo com a Unica.

Vantagens competitivas do açúcar brasileiro

Mesmo que a isenção de tarifas para importar açúcar – que antes eram de até 14pc – facilite a abertura de novos mercados e crie eventuais oportunidades para os consumidores brasileiros, o produto nacional ainda é mais barato, pelos custos de produção mais baixos em relação a outros países.

Os custos para produzir açúcar no Brasil são de aproximadamente 15¢/lb (equivalente a R$1,92/kg), enquanto na Tailândia – segundo maior exportador de açúcar – eles estão próximos de 21,5¢/lb, segundo participantes de mercado. Na Índia e Austrália, terceiro e quarto maiores exportadores, os custos são de aproximadamente 22,4¢/lb e 18,3¢/lb, respectivamente.

Para que haja uma redução efetiva dos preços do açúcar, é necessária uma revisão nos custos de toda a cadeia produtiva até as gôndolas do mercado, disse José Guilherme Nogueira, presidente da Organização de Associações de Produtores de Cana do Brasil (Orplana).

Para Nogueira, é importante se atentar a fatores além da produção, como custos de frete e seguro, áreas passíveis de atuação do governo.

Como a produção é suficiente para o consumo nacional e há um grande volume excedente, o açúcar brasileiro acaba sendo majoritariamente exportado, sem o mercado externo representar efetivamente uma concorrência para o consumidor brasileiro.

O preço do açúcar cristal branco registrou uma média de R$155,3/ saca de 50kg em janeiro - ou $24,9/sc na paridade de exportação, com a cotação média do dólar norte-americano a R$6,02 – segundo o indicador do Centro de Estudos Avançados em Economia Aplicada (CEPEA/Esalq).

Em janeiro de 2024, os preços no mercado nacional estavam R$145,04/sc, em média, e $29,5/sc, considerando uma taxa cambial média de R$4,91. Isso mostra que mesmo com o dólar mais alto neste ano, o mercado doméstico de açúcar segue remunerando mais que o mercado externo, em comparação com o mesmo período no ano passado.

Por Maria Albuquerque


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23/06/25

Cattle placements into US feedlots fall in May

Cattle placements into US feedlots fall in May

Sydney, 23 June (Argus) — Placements of cattle into US feedlots during May were almost 8pc below levels a year earlier, according to the US Department of Agriculture (USDA). Fed cattle marketings fell further, contributing to a growing drop in cattle slaughtered this year. The number of cattle placed into feedlots with a capacity of thousand head or more fell to 1.89mn head, about 8pc below May last year. Total cattle and calves on feed were at 11.44mn as of 1 June, roughly the same as inventory in June 2024. Placements could continue to shrink because US feedlots face record high prices cattle prices and a ban on cattle imports from Mexico from mid-May because of the New World Screwworm outbreak. Mexico accounted for over 60pc of all cattle imports into the US last year, despite the southern border being closed from late November, USDA data show. Fed cattle marketings — or cattle leaving feedlots for processing — for May are down by 10pc on the year to 1.76mn head. Fewer cattle exiting feedlots and a smaller national herd is slowing national slaughter rates. USDA data shows commercial cattle slaughter totalled 12.54mn head in January–May, about 6pc below numbers processed in the same period last year. But the loss to beef production, which is down by only 2pc on the year over the same period, is being moderated by heavier cattle being slaughtered. Average live weights are almost 40lbs heavier over the period because cattle are being held and fed for longer. Overall beef output is forecast to fall by 2pc this year to 26,358mn lbs (11.96mn t), with the USDA revising its import estimate higher last week to 5,187mn lbs (2.35mn t) carcass weight equivalent, due in part to demand for lean trimmings. Total cow slaughter is down by 14pc on the year in January-May with cows and bulls representing a smaller share of the slaughter mix, USDA data shows. By Edward Dunlop Send comments and request more information at [email protected] Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

Pakistan loses EU GSP+ ethanol status


20/06/25
20/06/25

Pakistan loses EU GSP+ ethanol status

London, 20 June (Argus) — The European Commission today suspended Pakistan's Generalised Scheme of Preferences Plus (GSP+) status for imports of ethanol. The removal is effective from today, 20 June. A request was lodged in May last year by France, Germany, Spain, Italy, Hungary and Poland, who sought to activate Article 30 of the GSP Regulation, arguing that ethanol coming from Pakistan since 2022 has "caused a serious disturbance to the Union ethanol market". Under Article 30, the commission can "adopt an implementing act in order to suspend the preferential arrangement in respect of the products concerned". Pakistan was granted GSP+ status in 2014, and this expired at the end of 2023. The status was temporarily extended until 2027. The GSP+ grants reduced-tariff or tariff-free access to the EU for vulnerable low- and lower- to middle-income countries that, according to the EU, "implement 27 international conventions related to human rights, labour rights, protection of the environment and good governance". It fully removes custom duties on two-thirds of the bloc's tariff lines in Pakistan's case, including ethanol. Pakistan is a major supplier of industrial-grade ethanol to Europe, but it does not export fuel-grade ethanol. According to market participants, this is because production facilities in the country lack sustainability certifications such as the International Sustainability and Carbon Certification (ISCC) that are required for biofuels to qualify under the EU Renewable Energy Directive (RED) targets. Fuel-grade ethanol was not included in the bloc's measures. Several Pakistani market participants were hopeful the GSP+ status will remain in place, which has continued to support ethanol exports from the country to the EU ( see table ). But uncertainty has weighed on demand from Europe recently, suppliers said. A participant told Argus that Pakistani sellers may look to offer more into Africa to soften the drop in demand. Some European suppliers anticipated this outcome, and have already stopped importing from Pakistan. European renewable ethanol association ePure expressed concern about the decision to exclude fuel ethanol from the scope of the measures, noting this could open the door to unintended loopholes and weaken the overall effect of the safeguard efforts. By Evelina Lungu and Deborah Sun European ethanol imports from Pakistan Send comments and request more information at [email protected] Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

BMWE legt RED III Entwurf vor


19/06/25
19/06/25

BMWE legt RED III Entwurf vor

Hamburg, 19 June (Argus) — Das BMWE hat Verbänden am 19. Juni einen ersten Referentenentwurf zur Umsetzung der RED III vorgelegt. Diese sieht grundlegende Veränderungen zur Erfüllung der THG-Quote vor. Erste Preisindikationen steigen schlagartig. Um die auf EU-Ebene gültige dritte Fassung der Erneuerbare-Energien-Direktive (RED III) in deutsches Recht umzusetzen, hat das Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Energie (BMWE) einen Entwurf zur Anpassung des Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetzes (BImSchG) vorgelegt. Unter anderem sieht der Entwurf vor, die Treibhausgasminderungsquote (THG-Quote) bis 2040 schrittweise auf 53 % zu erhöhen (siehe Grafik). Das bisherige Ziel war eine Quotenhöhe von 25,1 % im Jahr 2030. Auch der Pfad bis 2030 wurde leicht angepasst. Damit käme das Gesetz, wenn es in dieser Form umgesetzt wird, einer vielgeäußerten Forderung der Biokraftstoffindustrie nach, die sich für eine stärkere Quotenerhöhung eingesetzt hat. Infolgedessen melden erste Marktteilnehmer Angebote für Andere Zertifikate für das Verpflichtungsjahr 2026 in Höhe von 175 €/tCO2e. Für dieselben Zertifikate für 2025 werden 125 €/tCO2e geboten. Zusätzlich enthält der Entwurf einen Mechanismus, der im Falle einer Übererfüllung die Höhe der Quote im übernächsten Jahr erhöht. Ausschlaggebend ist dafür, ob die gesamte Quotenerfüllung in einem Jahr bereits ausreichen würde, um die Quotenhöhe des Übernächsten Jahres zu erfüllen. Darüber hinaus sieht der Entwurf vor, die Option zur zweifachen Anrechnung von als fortschrittlich geltenden Biokraftstoffen abzuschaffen und die Mindestquote zu erhöhen. Diese steigt dann bis 2030 auf 3 %. Zuvor lag das Ziel bei 2,6 %. Viele Marktteilnehmer haben gemutmaßt, dass die Doppelanrechnungsoption entfallen würde, um die benötigte Menge an Erfüllungsoptionen zu erhöhen. Auch welche Kraftstoffe zur Erfüllung der Quote genutzt werden können wird angepasst: So können keine Kraftstoffe auf Soja- oder Palmölbasis zur Erfüllung genutzt werden. Letzteres schließt auch Kraftstoffe aus Nebenprodukten der Palmölproduktion, allen voran Palmölmühlenabwasser (POME) ein. Dieses wurde in der Vergangenheit insbesondere genutzt, um die fortschrittliche Unterquote zu erfüllen, da es dank einer Sonderklausel trotz seiner Einstufung als fortschrittlich nur einfach zur Erfüllung der THG-Quote angerechnet werden konnte. Diese Regelung würde direkt ab Inkrafttreten der Gesetzesänderung wirksam werden. Die Anrechnungsgrenzen für futtermittel- und abfallbasierte Kraftstoffe werden ebenfalls angepasst: Während das Limit für futtermittelbasierte Produkte bis 2030 von 4,4 % der in Verkehr gebrachten Energiemenge auf 3 % reduziert wird, steigt das Limit für abfallbasierte Produkte wie Altspeiseöl (UCO) bis 2039 von 1,9 % auf 2,8 %. Zusätzlich wird eine Mindestquote für erneuerbare Kraftstoffe nicht-biogenen Urpsrungs (RFNBO) eingeführt. 2026 beträgt der energetische Mindestanteil 0,1 % und soll bis 2040 auf 12 % steigen. Zu den RFNBOs gehören unter anderem synthetische Kraftstoffe wie eFuels (PtL, Power-to-Liquid) und Grüner Wasserstoff. Der Entwurf erweitert den Geltungsbereich der THG-Quote außerdem auf den Luftverkehr. Bisher galt hier eine gesonderte Quote für erneuerbare Kraftstoffe. Darüber hinaus unterliegt nun auch der Seeverkehr der THG-Quote. In der Seefahrt genutzte Kraftstoffe, die im Straßenverkehr anrechenbar wären, können hierbei jedoch nicht für die Erfüllung genutzt werden. Damit soll vermieden werden, dass Unternehmen die Erfüllung ihrer Verpflichtung komplett vom Straßenverkehr auf die Seefahrt umwälzen. Der Entwurf sieht außerdem vor, dass erneuerbare Kraftstoffe nur noch angerechnet werden können, wenn Vor-Ort-Kontrollen der Produktionsstätten durch staatliche Kontrolleure ermöglicht werden. Dies soll das Betrugspotenzial bei der Anrechnung von Biokraftstoffen mindern. Der Entwurf liegt nun den Branchenverbänden vor. Ein Mitglied des Umweltausschusses erklärte am 4. Juni im Rahmen einer Podiumsdiskussion, dass der Entwurf nach Anpassung an eventuelle Verbandsvorschläge im Oktober dem Parlament zur Debatte vorgelegt werden soll und idealerweise zum 1. Januar 2026 in Kraft treten soll. Der Referentenentwurf sieht vor, dass die Änderungen an der THG-Quote mit Beginn des neuen Verpflichtungsjahres in Kraft treten. Dies soll Marktverwerfungen verhindern, für den Fall, dass die Gesetzesänderung innerhalb eines Verpflichtungsjahres in Kraft treten sollte. Von Svea Winter & Max Steinhau Entwicklung der THG-Quote bis 2040 Senden Sie Kommentare und fordern Sie weitere Informationen an [email protected] Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . Alle Rechte vorbehalten.

Brazil central bank raises target rate to 15pc


18/06/25
18/06/25

Brazil central bank raises target rate to 15pc

Sao Paulo, 18 June (Argus) — Brazil's central bank today raised its target interest rate by 0.25 of a percentage point to 15pc, the highest level since July 2006, citing a still "adverse and uncertain" global economic scenario. That is the seventh consecutive hike from a cyclical low of 10.5pc at the end of September last year. The bank had last increased the rate by 0.5 of a percentage point in May . "The [economic] scenario continues to require caution on the part of emerging countries in an environment of heightened geopolitical tension," the bank said, citing the US' "uncertain economic policies." The bank also said it increased the interest rate because Brazil's inflation remains above the ceiling of 3pc with a tolerance of 1.5 percentage points above or below. Annual inflation eased to 5.32pc in May . Central bank forecasts for 2025 and 2026 inflation remain at 5.2pc and 4.5pc, respectively, it said. "Inflation risks, both upside and downside, remain higher than usual," the bank said By Lucas Parolin Send comments and request more information at [email protected] Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

CME Black Sea Wheat Argus futures trade for September


18/06/25
18/06/25

CME Black Sea Wheat Argus futures trade for September

Paris, 18 June (Argus) — Black Sea CVB Wheat (Argus) futures have traded on the CBOT exchange for the first time since they were launched by CME on 2 June . Two counterparties agreed on 18 June to trade 200 lots (10,000t) on the September 2025 futures contract at $231/t. Another 200 lots traded on the same futures contract at $233/t later in the day. The contract's financial settlement price will be equal to the arithmetic average of the 12.5pc Romania-Bulgaria fob CVB price published in the Argus AgriMarkets report from 1-15 September. The trades are the first of their kind since CBOT suspended trading and clearing of all Black Sea futures and options in August 2023. The launch of the new futures allows market participants to hedge or gain exposure to the world's largest wheat export market. Send comments and request more information at [email protected] Copyright © 2025. Argus Media group . All rights reserved.

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